The twenty-four seasons· farmyard four seasons song Qian Hongman / painted
In his hometown, often heard the grandparents will be festivals hanging on the mouth: “ spring hit six nine head ” “ Qingming Festival break snow continued snow ” “ autumn after a volt of sun dead cows ” “ an autumn rain a cold ” and so on, really “ old people do not recite the scriptures, the festival also remembers Clear ”. Festivals for the application of the ancestors, has been integrated into daily life, into basic common sense. In the building of reinforced concrete tropical jungle of the big city, in the rhythm of life gradually accelerated today, the festival and how to show?
In 2018, I followed the seasonal & ldquo; run & rdquo; a year, is to follow the season, physical observation of the scenery beside me, and to make a record in the form of an accompanying note. This whole process to I have a lot of sense of the season. Festivals are the wisdom of the ancient people long time observation of the course of investigation and practice of farming activities, not only is the study of the most representative of the laws of nature, but also has a significant mark of the people's childhood, the sentence mixed with a beautiful interpretation of the course of the Qiankun, releasing the cultural and artistic aura of the ancient legends. Festivals in the latent yang and yin mutual symbiosis of materialistic dialectical law and the sociological inner letter of the unity of man and heaven, is indeed a long history, mysterious and esoteric extremely.
Show reading this long history of civilized behavior management system, the eye shows a magnificent scene of course, the seasonal folk culture, and its people and the environment in harmony with the many interfaces. Everyone's ancestors are stepping on the rhythm of the season, & ldquo; poetic habitat & rdquo; in the big ground.
The festival is beautiful and moving.
The Certain Sight of the Iris
In the time scale of the ancient people, five days are the weather, three weather is the qi, six qi is the time, and four time is the year. In the year, there are 24 seasons, all seventy-two of them. Each weather matches a phenomenon of weather, that is, weather should be. The seventy-two weather phenomena were more detailed observations and explanations by ancient people, including the withering of grass and trees, the coming and going of birds, the emergence of animals, the vibration of stinging insects, and the appearance of thunderstorms and rainbows. Throughout the year, this kind of scene migratory variability, intertwined sometimes, can best reflect the natural law of spring, summer growth, harvest, winter storage.
There are birds of prey. Ancient people have long been found that the law of life of birds and spring and autumn are closely related, often using the migration of birds of prey growth habits as a sign of climate change. Zuozhuan & middot; Zhaogong seventeen years "has" & ldquo; Xuanbird's, the division also & rdquo; account, & ldquo; Xuanbird & rdquo; that is, a small swallow, & ldquo; Division & rdquo;, the executive. Why is the little swallow in charge of the equinox and fall equinox? Because the little swallow is a black-necked crane, spring fly back to the north, fall fly south. Match in seasonal climate, is the spring & ldquo; Xuanbird to & rdquo;, cold dew when the & ldquo; Xuanbird return & rdquo; & mdash; & mdash; cold dew near the autumn, the seasonal explanation can not be overly sure. Ancient books described with the seasonal climate confirm each other, indicating that the ancient people have long been discovered the migration regularity of the little swallow.
The south and north of the geese are also regarded as the key reference of the seasonal change, there are four seasons of the year the phenomenon of climate with geese to mark, namely, the small cold season & ldquo; geese north of the countryside & rdquo;, rain & ldquo; geese north of the homecoming & rdquo;, cold dew of the & ldquo; geese to the & rdquo;, the winter solstice & ldquo; goose guests & rdquo;;, across the winter, spring and fall three seasons, the clock frequency operation is so reflected in the geese's north and south.
Spring is here, & ldquo; geese return to the north & rdquo; & ldquo; Canggeng Ming & rdquo; & ldquo; Xuanbird to & rdquo; & ldquo; song dove whisked its feathers & rdquo; & ldquo; Dai Sheng descended in the sang & rdquo;, a school of birds and flowers; summer, & ldquo; eagle began to hit & rdquo;, the eaglet has been Grown up, just started training to fight in the sky; fall came, & ldquo; eagle is a sacrificial bird & rdquo; & ldquo; geese guests & rdquo;, eagles have just begun to a lot of foraging and hunting in order to overwintering, a geese also flew back to the south; in the cool cold season, & ldquo; geese north of the township & rdquo; & ldquo; magpie began nesting & rdquo;;, visionary The birds of prey have been perceived to qi and blood gradually rise, spring gradually, will be put into practice, a geese have just begun to return to the north, the bird of prey busy building a nest … … … birds of prey so all have their nature, “ prevention is better than cure ”; indeed, let a person thumping heart.
There are beasts of preening. & ldquo; otter sacrifice fish & rdquo;, rainy season fish species a lot of floating in the water, otters take the opportunity to catch, eat the leftovers, placed next to it, as if the general sacrifice. & ldquo; antlers solution & rdquo; & ldquo; elk horn solution & rdquo;, small summer when the most prevalent qi and blood, the yin gas began to bud, belonging to the yang of the deer sense of yin and solve the horn; winter solstice qi yin of the most prevalent qi and blood began to bud, belonging to the yin of the elk sense of yang and solve the horn. Frost season & ldquo; jackal is a sacrificial beast & rdquo;, tiger and wolf a lot of captured beasts, eat the remaining placed, as if in worship, in fact, is the deposit of physical fitness in order to keep warm; small cold when the & ldquo; tiger began to cross & rdquo;, the tiger has predicted that the spring will soon come, just started to have courting the main manifestations of it.
There are flower things: hibernation & ldquo; peach began to China & rdquo;, Qingming Festival & ldquo; Tong began to China & rdquo;, Xiaoman & ldquo; bitter hemp vegetable show & rdquo;, the winter solstice & ldquo; chrysanthemum have yellow China & rdquo;; there are cicadas: mango & ldquo; ghost praying mantis raw & rdquo;, the small summer & ldquo; product began to sound & rdquo;;, small summer & ldquo; grasshoppers live on the wall & rdquo;, cold dew & ldquo; cold cicadas chirping & rdquo; & hellip; … …
Seasonal, there are also many climatic phenomena appear in pairs, the most can reflect the intertwined sometimes of course rhythm. There are early spring & ldquo; east wind thaw & rdquo;, there are summer & ldquo; rainstorms line & rdquo;; there is a small summer & ldquo; warm wind to & rdquo;, there are cold dew & ldquo; cold wind to & rdquo;; there is a small summer & ldquo; loach & rdquo;, there is the winter solstice & ldquo; Loach & rdquo;; there is a winter solstice & ldquo; loach knot rdquo;; there is the spring & ldquo; Lei Nai pronunciation & rdquo;, there is also the autumn & ldquo; Lei began to close the sound & rdquo;; there is the Qingming Festival & ldquo; rainbow began to see & rdquo;, there is also a small cold & ldquo; rainbow hide not see & rdquo;, these.
There are also several occurrences of & ldquo; hibernation & rdquo;, from & ldquo; begin to vibrate & rdquo; & ldquo; billet & rdquo; to & ldquo; salty swoop & rdquo;, embodied by the equinoxes to the beginning of the autumn and then to the frost phenomenon of the physical phenomena; there is also a view of the water in different shapes: the beginning of the fall & ldquo; the water begins to dry up & rdquo;;, frost & ldquo; water began to ice & rdquo;; small cold season & ldquo; water zephyr belly firm & rdquo; (ice thick), from & ldquo; the beginning of the ice & rdquo; to & ldquo; the belly of the firm & rdquo;; in the middle of the distance of three months, & ldquo; three feet of ice is not a day's cold & rdquo; of the axiom in the festival Get lifelike interpretation.
Meteorological expert Zhu Kezhen said in the "climatology": & ldquo; flowers and birds is the language of nature, the key is that we have to be able to feel this kind of hints, to figure out this kind of language, to understand the natural world. ” Festivals, but also the ancient people of nature's language understanding of listening, explaining and use. Festivals outlined in the seventy-two phenomena, vivid, condensed, precise, showing the same poetry as landscape poetry. Behind the landscape poetry is the ancient people's deciphering of nature's code, a long and resilient process that is not lacking in philosophical, poetic and romantic ideas.
The worship and compliance of the Qiankun of course
Traditional-style primitive agriculture, the unity of man and heaven is the supreme ideal, follow the three thousand avenues, along with the sky and is the whole concept, but also the core concept of China's side. Up to the king, down to the ordinary people, worship of course are regarded as the basis of compliance. & ldquo; do not know the four seasons, is the loss of the foundation of the country & rdquo;, for the king, should honor the sky to protect the people, & ldquo; so that the people to the time & rdquo;. This produces a set of basic etiquette in accordance with the season to do things, which in the "Book of Rites & middot; Moon Order" has a certain amount of contained in which the record of each month's astrological features, physical phenomena, the matching music and rhythm, worship, food and drink with the equipment, contraindications, and so on.
Compliance with the season is reflected in the ushering in of each season. At the opening of each season, that is, the spring equinox, heat, cold dew, frost four seasons, the king will rate the civil and military officials out of the gate to usher in the arrival of the four seasons. According to the different wind frequency, out of different gates, each welcome spring in the north of the city, welcome summer in the southern suburbs, welcome autumn in the western suburbs, welcome winter in the southern suburbs, and have a ceremony opposite. Happy to welcome spring, & ldquo; ride luan road, driving canglong, carrying the green flag, clothes Danjiao, clothing cangyu ”; welcome summer, & ldquo; ride Zhu road, driving red bay, carrying the red flag, clothes Zhuyi, clothes red jade ”; welcome autumn, & ldquo; ride Rong road, driving white luo, carrying the white flag, clothes white shirt, clothes alabaster ”; to welcome the winter, & ldquo; ride the Xuan road, driving the iron liu, carrying the Xuan flag, clothes gray clothes , carrying the Xuan flag, gray clothes, clothing Xuan Yu ”. Three days before the ceremony, the king should carry out fasting, body cleansing, do all kinds of advance preparation. According to historical records, the Imperial Historian had a daily task of informing the king of the actual time, frequently asked questions and knowledge of the rituals before the festival.
Spring Equinox, the king in addition to the rate of the hundred officials welcome spring, but also to & ldquo; Prayer Valley in the Creator & rdquo;, & ldquo; The king personally carry Lei 耜, & hellip; & hellip; plowing the emperor with & rdquo;. The king handheld agricultural equipment wedding Longmu, fully illustrates our side of the high importance of farming, but also the demonstrative practical significance of persuasion of agriculture.
Song, cold dew this day, the Palace needs to be planted in the basin of the sycamore tree moved into the main hall, until & ldquo; cold dew & rdquo; time to, the historian will be loudly played: & ldquo; Autumn comes. ” played, the sycamore tree heard down one or two leaves, in order to symbolize the meaning of the fall. That kind of ceremony is very representative of symbolism, although some far-fetched, expression is indeed the ancient people of course fit and reverence.
In addition, every year, the winter solstice festival, the small summer festival, is also our country side of the ceremony; spring, autumn, but also to hold their own worship of the Sun Taiyin theme activities. The emperor of the capital of the age of the chronicle "has" & ldquo; spring festival of the sun, autumn festival of the moon, is the state of the ceremony, the people can not trespassing & rdquo; the account. This ceremony are very unique key points, solemn and sublime, expressed the ancient people of course Qiankun worship and reverence.
This solemn theme of the event, on the one hand, highlights the king & ldquo; communication and exchange of the sky, by the sky to accept orders & rdquo; the supreme influence and certainly authoritative, but also with a tell heaven and earth, & ldquo; upward and downward & rdquo;, & ldquo; granting the people to the time & rdquo;; do not take away from the people of the time of the long allegory, the most representative of the traditional style of primitive agriculture & ldquo; agriculture-based ” concept.
Seasonal Customs
Appreciation of seasonal culture and art, that is, carried out a custom painting scroll. Can be found, basically every season is relative to the customs and habits, Chinese people in this customs and habits of the theme activities to Qiankun of course, pouring out feelings and needs.
The spring season, up to the court down to the folk must be held & ldquo; playing spring cattle & rdquo; (whip spring) ceremony, which will be with the occasion of plowing, do not miss the practical significance of the tips of farming; set & ldquo; spring plate & rdquo;, & ldquo; biting the spring & rdquo; is a subtle expression of everyone on the arrival of spring, the world of all things new joy.
Shang Si Festival (March 3 on the lunar calendar) before and after the Qingming Festival, folklore has a spring outing, water-side semi-annual purification, literati and other customs, is in line with the seasonal characteristics of the spring and Jingming and the requirements of the bath and snow mind and body.
The Cangjie rituals and customs of the rainy season are due to the realization that the promotion of planting and work experience depends on the application of the text, and thus the grain is highly productive, as “Tianyu Su”—— — the sky drops grain rain, and thus to the text of the ancestor to express gratitude; the season of the little full of the spring silkworms to complete the cocoon successfully, waiting to be harvested and reeling, and the rumor that this day is the birth of the silkworm god. One day for the silkworm god's birthday, so the southern part of the country has the custom of worshipping the god of silkworms; mango season of the candied fairy custom, originating from this season of flowers are thank you, we express the spring will be far away from the reluctance to give up, but also with the past to say goodbye to the symbolism.
Small summer season of & ldquo; weighing people & rdquo; custom is due to & ldquo; summer heat & rdquo; and the human body to give extra care; June 6 of the lunar calendar, & ldquo; sun clothes festival & rdquo;, sun scrolls, but also from the summer heat and humidity, to prevent the necessity of mildew; the seventh of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, & ldquo; Begging for coincidence festival & rdquo ; (Daughter's Day) comes from the starry sky of this season's view of the investigation and rosy imagination, and its traditional style of social development of the sunrise at home way of happiness expectations.
Mid-Autumn Festival moon festival is to celebrate the harvest, pray for family reunion expression, September 9 of the & ldquo; ascending homework & rdquo; with & ldquo; resignation of the green & rdquo; meaning, chrysanthemum customary habits are also only attributable to the autumn season.
The night talk around the stove, snow poetry, painting plums to eliminate cold, etc., is the winter season of relief and elegant things, with the same described many customs, all in the seasonal situation of the people and the environment of the session.
This custom, in season, the real one, expressed everyone's gratitude to the Qiankun course of mind, the pleasure of a bumper harvest, and the blessing of the future good. To put it bluntly & ldquo; article together for the time to write, songs and poems and into things and made & rdquo;, customs and habits are also, the ancient people's heart accompanied by the rhythm of course trembling. Mr. Wang Zengqi said, customs and habits is a Chinese people collectively create a prose poem of daily life. This is a true statement.
